Menstrual Cycle : Normal Menstrual Cycle Is 28 -31 Days

The menstrual cycle lasts about 28-31 days. It begins on the first day of a woman’s period and doesn’t end until the first day of the next period.

During the first part of a woman’s cycle hormones produced in the ovaries start to trigger the development of eggs. At the same time estrogen released in the body acts on the uterus and the lining thickens. Other hormones that the woman’s body manufactures lead to changes as well. For instance, oestradiol is produced and stimulates the cervix to secrete mucus that is compatible to fertilization during ovulation.

Progesterone is another hormone manufactured during the menstrual cycle. It helps produce the prime mucus for fertilization and in addition, contributes to preparing the uterus in the event of a pregnancy. During ovulation, an ovum is released into one of the fallopian tubes. If the egg is fertilized during this time, it will implant into the endometrium and begin to grow. On the other hand if the egg is not fertilized it will be destroyed or dissolved and the lining will begin to shed away. 11-16 days after ovulation the endometrium (lining of the uterus) begins to shed. The result is menstruation.

The menstrual period lasts on average between 3 and 5 days although this can vary from woman to woman. The blood and endometrium matter leaves the uterus through the cervix and into the vagina. The pituitary gland under the direction of the hypothalamus produces FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone). These are released and the process of egg growth and release begins again.

A woman’s menstrual cycle begins roughly at the age of 12 and will continue until she reaches menopause some time after 40 on average between 50-55 and almost always by 60. Sometimes the reproductive years can be cut short by extenuating circumstances such as illness, stress, or dysfunction or removal of her reproductive organs.

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