Premenstrual syndrome can be problematic to diagnose because other conditions can also underlie some or many of the symptoms that are common in PMS. To overcome this difficulty, health care providers often recommend that women track their symptoms and their menstrual periods.
PMS occurs 1-2 weeks before the onset of menstruation. This time in the cycle is referred to as the luteal phase and it is the last part of the cycle. In order to be diagnosed as PMS, symptoms need to follow this cycle with consistency. Further, a diagnosis of PMS is only made when symptoms present during this period interfere with a woman’s life.
Although there doesn’t appear to be a clear cut cause for PMS, it is believed that PMS is related to hormones. Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are all implicated in the menstrual cycle and fluctuations in the levels of these hormones may contribute to PMS and also in some cases become the causes of breast pain before menstruation.
Symptoms that are indicative of PMS include breast tenderness, abdominal swelling, diarrhea or constipation, aches and pains in the legs, joints or back. There may also be instances of moodiness, sleeplessness, food cravings and headaches.
During the luteal phrase of the menstrual cycle symptoms of other conditions can be worsened complicating a diagnosis of PMS.
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