Type 2 Diabetes Cure: Diet cure, Oral hypo-glycemic agents(OHA) cure

How can Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) be cured?

Type 2 DM is also know as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) which explains it has no dependence on exogenous insulin therefore majority of cases can be managed with diet, oral hypo-glycemic agents, very few cases require insulin management.

Diet for Diabetes Type 2

• Diet plays a major role in type 2 DM.
  
  
  Diet should be adequate value. It should be balanced in regards to protein, carbohydrate and fats intake. It should be high in dietary fibers which slow down glucose absorption and thus smoothens post-prandial blood sugar levels (BSL).
• Diet management should be started with simple carbohydrate limitation. Foods sugar, jam, honey, syrups, sweets, cakes, rice and puddings should be completely avoided.
  
  
  
• Foods like bread, plain unsweetened biscuits, potatoes, peas, cereals, beans, fresh dried fruits and milk can be allowed in moderation.
• Person should be allowed some foods to taken as desired like meat, fish, clear soup, vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, pumpkin, spinach, tomato, spring onions, radish, French beans, tea and coffee.
• Those unmanageable with only limitation in carbohydrate should be given. A strict calorie intake chart according to needs (e.g. obese: 1200 calorie diet), (thin person: 1500 calorie diet) and should be given die plan accordingly.

Oral hypo-glycemic agents (OHA): In presence of marked symptomatic hypoglycemia, OHA are to be given for Diabetes type 2 management along with simultaneous dietary modifications.
The different OHA types are :

• Sulphonylurea: These stimulate insulin secretion by B-cells. Sulphonlyureas encourage weight gain.
  Side effects: Long lasting hypoglycemia, skin rash, facial flushing, and dyspepsia and are contra-indicated in children’s.
  Persons with ketoacidosis , obese with DM and diabetics on insulin are contra-indicated.
• Metformin: it is a good choice in obese, it lowers BSL by reducing hepatic glucose production and does not induce weight gain.
  Side effects: Nausea and (dose dependent).
  Contraindicated-in severe liver or kidney impairment and in history of .
• Acarbose: first or second line drug in obese and non-obese and particularly those with post-prandial hyperglycemia acts by retarding intestinal glucose absorption.
• Biguanides: acts by increasing peripheral uptake of glucose. These do not cause hypoglycemia. It is indicated in combination with sulphonylurea.
  Side effects: malaise, weakness, metallic taste in mouth, diarrhea, and folic acid mal-absorption is seen.

Insulin in type 2 DM:

Required in pregnancy, failure of OHS, in periods of stress like stroke, infection, myocardial infarction, gangrene, surgery and acute illness.

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